Thyroid Disorders Types and Causes Skip Navigation Links

Introduction: Why Thyroid Health Needs a New Approach

Thyroid disorders have reached epidemic levels, affecting millions worldwide. At Patients Medical in New York City, we believe it’s crucial to go beyond hormone tests and look at the whole picture. Our integrative approach combines conventional, holistic, and functional medicine to address the root causes of thyroid dysfunction—and when possible, reverse or manage it naturally.

We treat the whole person—not just the thyroid.

What Are Thyroid Disorders?

The thyroid is a small but powerful gland that controls key functions like metabolism, energy levels, and temperature regulation. When the thyroid is malfunctioning, it can lead to a variety of symptoms and health complications.

Common types of thyroid disorders include:

  • Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid): The thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones, leading to fatigue, weight gain, and depression.
  • Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): The thyroid produces too many hormones, leading to symptoms like weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety.
  • Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid, often leading to hypothyroidism.
  • Graves’ Disease: An autoimmune disorder that leads to hyperthyroidism and is commonly associated with bulging eyes and hyperactivity.
  • Thyroid Nodules: Lumps or growths in the thyroid that can affect hormone production or cause discomfort.
  • Goiter: An enlarged thyroid that can result from iodine deficiency or other causes.

Common Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders

Root Causes: Why Did You Develop a Thyroid Disorder?

Functional medicine aims to understand the underlying causes of thyroid disorders. Some common root causes include:

  • Autoimmune Conditions: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease are common autoimmune disorders affecting the thyroid.
  • Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of iodine, selenium, zinc, and vitamin D can contribute to thyroid dysfunction.
  • Chronic Stress: Elevated cortisol from long-term stress can disrupt thyroid hormone production and function.
  • Toxin Exposure: Heavy metals, pesticides, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals can negatively impact thyroid health.
  • Gut Health Issues: Imbalances in gut bacteria and leaky gut syndrome can influence thyroid function, especially in autoimmune thyroid disease.
  • Hormonal Imbalances: Thyroid dysfunction is often linked to imbalances in estrogen, progesterone, and cortisol.
  • Genetics: Family history can play a role in the development of thyroid disorders, especially autoimmune thyroid conditions.

Diagnostic Testing We Use

At Patients Medical, we utilize advanced lab testing to understand what’s contributing to your thyroid dysfunction.

TSH, Free T3, Free T4, and Reverse T3

Thyroid Antibody Tests (Anti-TPO, Anti-TG)

Ultrasound to check for nodules or goiters

Adrenal testing (cortisol, DHEA)

Gut health panels (stool microbiome, leaky gut testing)

Nutritional status (vitamin D, iodine, selenium)

Heavy metal testing

Hormone panels (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone)

Genetic markers (MTHFR, SNPs affecting thyroid)

Integrative Thyroid Treatments

Personalized Hormone Therapy

  • Natural Desiccated Thyroid (NDT) for T4/T3 combination
  • T3-Only Protocols for conversion issues
  • Compounded Options for precise dosing

Autoimmune Stabilization

  • Gluten-Free/Grain-Free Diet (based on Cyrex Array 3 testing)
  • Low-Dose Naltrexone (LDN) to modulate immune response
  • IV Glutathione to reduce thyroid antibody levels

Gut-Thyroid Repair

  • H. pylori Eradication (linked to Hashimoto’s)
  • Probiotic Protocols (L. reuteri improves TSH levels)
  • Leaky Gut Healing (bone broth, colostrum, zinc carnosine)

Metabolic Optimization

  • Mitochondrial Support (CoQ10, PQQ, B vitamins)
  • Adaptogens (ashwagandha for cortisol balance)
  • Detox Protocols (selenium for mercury chelation)

Real Case Study: Susan’s Journey to Balance

Susan, age 45, struggled with fatigue, weight gain, and brain fog. Her TSH levels were high, and she had antibodies present for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Despite being on thyroid medication, she still felt unwell.

We discovered elevated cortisol, gut imbalances, and a vitamin D deficiency. We created an integrative treatment plan that included:

  • Anti-inflammatory meal plan
  • Herbal supplements to support thyroid and adrenal health
  • IV vitamin therapy
  • Detoxification and gut repair

After three months, Susan’s TSH returned to normal, her energy improved, and she no longer needed medication.

Testimonials

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes! Many patients reduce antibodies and symptoms through immune modulation and gut healing.

For patients with conversion issues, NDT often provides better symptom relief. We personalize based on labs.

Most notice improvements in 4-8 weeks; full stabilization takes 3-6 months.

We provide superbills for out-of-network reimbursement. Some tests may be covered.

We coordinate with endocrinologists for ultrasounds and offer selenium/iodine protocols when appropriate.

Begin Your Journey with Patients Medical

Patients Medical specializes in gently helping the patient identify the root cause of their medical issues and then assist them to recover from their problems to help them move forward to good health.

Request your consultation today!

To schedule an in person on Tele-medicine appointment, please call our office at (212) 794-8800 or email us at info@PatientsMedical.com We look forward to hearing from you

Our medical center in New York City.

Patients Medical PC
1148 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1B New York, NY 10128

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